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1 ## What is YML? |
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2 |
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3 Well, it's the idea not to need to define a grammar first when you want to use a Domain Specific Language. For that purpose, YML is being translated into XML. Let's make an example. |
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4 |
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5 Everything which comes close to a C like language, parses without a grammar definition: |
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6 |
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7 This: |
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8 |
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9 template< class T > T max(T a, T b); |
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10 |
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11 Parses to: |
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12 |
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13 <?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?> |
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14 <template> |
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15 <generic> |
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16 <class/> |
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17 <T/> |
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18 </generic> |
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19 <T> |
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20 <max> |
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21 <parm> |
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22 <T/> |
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23 <a/> |
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24 </parm> |
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25 <parm> |
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26 <T/> |
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27 <b/> |
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28 </parm> |
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29 </max> |
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30 </T> |
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31 </template> |
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32 |
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33 Instead of defining grammars, you test out and play around until the results are matching your needs. If the resulting tree does not fit what you're expecting, change it by patching the grammar with `decl`: |
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34 |
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35 This: |
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36 |
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37 module A { |
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38 interface B { |
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39 attribute long n; |
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40 }; |
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41 }; |
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42 |
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43 Parses to: |
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44 |
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45 <?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?> |
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46 <module> |
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47 <A> |
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48 <interface> |
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49 <B> |
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50 <attribute> |
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51 <long> |
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52 <n/> |
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53 </long> |
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54 </attribute> |
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55 </B> |
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56 </interface> |
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57 </A> |
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58 </module> |
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59 |
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60 This does not look like what we want. So we tell YML that we have a module name after the module, an interface name after the interface and type and name after the attribute: |
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61 |
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62 This: |
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63 |
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64 decl module @name; |
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65 decl interface @name; |
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66 decl attribute @type @name; |
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67 |
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68 module A { |
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69 interface B { |
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70 attribute long n; |
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71 }; |
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72 }; |
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73 |
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74 Parses to: |
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75 |
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76 <?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?> |
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77 <module name="A"> |
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78 <interface name="B"> |
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79 <attribute type="long" name="n"/> |
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80 </interface> |
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81 </module> |
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82 |
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83 What can I do with YML? |
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84 |
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85 With YML you can: |
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86 |
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87 * use a C-like DSL without writing a grammar first |
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88 * generate code out of this DSL using YSLT |
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89 * generate code out of UML using YSLT on XMI |
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90 * generate code out of any XML based language like SVG using YSLT |
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91 * define a wiki like language in just a few lines like YHTML does |
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92 * replace bad designed and complicated XML languages with simpler C-like ones |
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93 * ... and much more. |
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94 |
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95 How it works: Replacing angle brackets with some Python |
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96 |
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97 Just writing down what I wanted to have instead of XML for a sample: |
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98 |
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99 <list name="List of goods"> |
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100 <head> |
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101 <columTitle> |
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102 Goods |
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103 </columnTitle> |
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104 <columnTitle> |
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105 Price |
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106 </columnTitle> |
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107 </head> |
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108 <row> |
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109 <value> |
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110 Beer |
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111 </value> |
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112 <value> |
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113 20 |
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114 </value> |
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115 </row> |
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116 <row> |
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117 <value> |
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118 Wine |
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119 </value> |
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120 <value> |
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121 30 |
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122 </value> |
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123 </row> |
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124 </list> |
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125 |
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126 Something like that should be more easy, say, like this: |
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127 |
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128 list "List of goods" { |
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129 head title "Goods", title "Price"; |
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130 row value "Beer", value 20; |
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131 row value "Wine", value 30; |
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132 } |
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133 |
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134 ### Y Languages |
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135 |
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136 The latter is what I call an Y language – a language specified in YML. How could this be achieved? Well, what's to do? To have the required information, how to build XML from the script above, we need: |
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137 |
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138 * the information, that “list of goods” is an attribute named `name`, while `Goods` is the text value of a tag |
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139 * `title` shout be written out as `columnTitle` |
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140 |
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141 How to do that? Let's invent a simple definition language for that information: |
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142 |
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143 decl list(name); |
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144 decl title alias columnTitle; |